Children’s Literature Review The WritePass Journal

Children’s Literature Review Presentation Children’s Literature Review . Voices of the Other: Children’s Literature and the Postcolonial Context (Children’s Literature and Culture). UK. Routledge, ISBN-10: 0415653150. 14-20, Chp. 43. McGillis, R. 2000. Voices of the Other. UK. Routledge. ISBN-10: 081533284. Nodelman, P. 2008. The Hidden Adult: Defining Children’s Literature. UK. Johns Hopkins University ISBN-10: 0801889804. Pp. 163. Nodelman, P. 1992. The Other: Orientalism, Colonialism and Children’s Literature. Children’s Literature Association Quarterly. Vol. 17, No. 1. Pp. 29 †35. Penguin Group USA. 2013. Open: us.penguingroup.com/static/pages/youngreaders/kids/booksbyage.html. Last Accessed 24/10/2013 Rose, J. 1984. The Case of Peter Pan or the Impossibility of Children’s Fiction. S. College of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN-10: 0812214358. Stated, E. 1979. UK. Vintage. ISBN-10: 039474067X. Shavit, Z. 2010. Poetics of Children’s Literature. S. College of Georgia Press. ISBN-10: 0820334812. Townsend, J. R. 1971. Norms of Criticism for Children’s Literature. S. American Library Association. Pp. 194. Zipes, J. 1981. Qualms on Socialization Through Literature for Children. The Lion and the Unicorn Vol. 5. UK. The Johns Hopkins University Pp. 19-32.

Peter I (The Great) Essay -- essays research papers fc

Diminish I, was destined to Alexis Romanov and his second spouse Natalia Naryshkina. Dwindle experienced childhood in a tempestuous time of Russian history. His father’s early passing at the age of thirty-one remaining an unpleasant battle for power between the group of Alexis’s first wife’s family, the Miloslavskaias, and Peter’s family. A short time of rule by Peter’s stepbrother Fedor (1676-1682) was trailed by his relative Sofia accepting control of Russia as official from 1682-1689. During this time Peter and his stepbrother, Ivan V, held up as co-Czars until they grew up. In the interim Peter spent a considerable lot of his early stages in the nation bequest of Preobrazhenskoe, only outside of Moscow. It was here that Peter encouraged his affection for fighting, and had his first contact with Westerners. As opposed to being instructed in the customary way, Peter was permitted to play war games. From a collection of everyday people, subjects, and outsiders Peter framed two regiments, the Preobrazhenskii and Semenovskii, which he equipped with genuine weaponry and penetrated into what might later turn into his magnificent gatekeeper. Likewise during this time, Peter created two different interests. The first was cruising, which he previously interacted with by finding an early English boat. The second was the adoration for everything Western, which originated from his regular visits to the close by remote quarter of Moscow. By 1689 Peter had developed to the transcending stature of six feet seven inches, and was outfitted with a brisk psyche and endless desire. At...

The Effect of Common Household Drugs on Circulatory Function free essay sample

A trial was led to watch the effects of family medicates on throb rate. Since throb rate is such a basic physiological framework it will be simpler to watch a change. Lumbriculus variegatus (blackworms) were utilized to see there throb rate. Blackworms were utilized do to nonattendance of a respiratory framework; they additionally depend on dispersion for gas trade. Blackworms don’t show at least a bit of kindness there vessels are what moves the blood back in forward. Each open and shutting is a heartbeat. In the initial segment of the analysis convergence of medications were utilized (caffeine and nicotine). The nicotine and caffeine arrangement will have an effect on throb rate. Since it is as of now known to have other physiological effects. The elective speculation is that the arrangements will have no effect on throb rate. The arrangements had no effect on throb rate on account of the negative change in pace of beats every moment (table 1. We will compose a custom paper test on The Effect of Common Household Drugs on Circulatory Function or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 1). The elective theory is upheld by the information found in the investigation test. Anyway there is a mistake because of the example size isn't sufficiently enormous to apply to the number of inhabitants in blackworms. Generally there were no huge in the progressions of throb rates that would infer that the medications had an effect. As found to some degree one of the examination it was presumed that comparative outcome would be found. The concentrate will have no genuine noteworthy effect on the blackworms throb rate.

The Time Back Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Time Back - Essay Example Michael never told anybody that he was checking the days, weeks, months and years without his mother’s nearness. It was as though by checking them, she was still here, still present. The harsh pleasantness of steady recognition took extraordinary hold of him and would not give up. He could smell her wherever around the house, her room despite everything resembled her fragrance, despite the fact that uncle Rob and aunt Emma exhausted her storerooms and drawers. He enjoyed uncle Rob and aunt Emma. They were extremely pleasant to him, and having no offspring of their own, came to deal with him in the house where he used to live with his mom. He heard them state one time that it would be beneficial for him to remain in this house, in light of the fact that the move may make increasingly passionate and mental harm to a multi year old kid. What's more, so they came and remained. Aunt Emma made the best chocolate chip treats on the planet, that was what even his mom admitted to on a few events, while uncle Rob worked in a toy industrial facility and would bring a little toy each week. Generally it was little vehicles, tractors, Rubik’s 3D shapes and comparative. No one at any point referenced his dad. He took off before Michael was conceived, and his mom chose not to discuss him. All things considered, very little, that is. She was consistently affable enough to address his inquiries of: Mommy, for what reason do John and Tim, and Bessie and Joanna have fathers and not me? She would take him in her lap and clarify that their father is elsewhere, that he had some significant business to deal with and that she didn't know he would be returning. In any case, that doesn't make Michael any unique in relation to John, Tim, Bessie, Joanna or any other individual. Having quit staring off into space, he tossed a little stone into the stream and returned into the house to eat. The entire kitchen smelled scrumptiously of chicken soup and meat, crush potatoes, new p late of mixed greens and for dessert, walnut pie. â€Å"Wash your hands, darling and afterward come have lunch,† auntie’s voice was delicate and sweet, and in the event that he shut his eyes, he could envision his mom saying it. The two sisters consistently looked and sounded particularly similar. Having completed lunch, he was advised to go to his room and clean up a piece. His room was not a wreck, yet in any case he was instructed that an arranged psyche requires an arranged encompassing. He generally accepted his mom was the most brilliant individual on the planet. He began taking care of things, and afterward saw a heap of cards on the table. You don’t have a place here, senseless seemingly insignificant details, he grinned to himself. It was a heap of cards, which his auntie and uncle obtained every now and then when they needed to entertain themselves. Organizing the cards, he saw that one specific card was greater than all the others. He took it out and saw that it wasn’t a playing card by any stretch of the imagination. It was a business card which said â€Å"Need science help† with a telephone number. That's it. He figured it may be somebody searching for a right hand. After a touch of thought and conversing with his uncle and auntie to check whether they would endorse, he chose to dial the number. He was constantly keen on science and preferred realizing how stuff worked. Possibly this was the individual to ask such things. They even permitted him to decide himself, obviously, they would assume him to the position. Joyfully, he dialed the number and tuned in to the telephone. Everything he could hear was quietness from the start, no ring

Course Outline Faculty of Science and Technology Essay

Course Number Course Title: Course Instructor: Credits: Section: Semester: Class Meeting Times: Class Venue: Pre-imperatives: CMPS1024 (in the past CMPS150) †Computer Business Application MGMT1014 (once in the past MGMT101) †Fundamentals of Management None 2012-2 3 CMPS3012 (once in the past CMPS360) Management Information Systems Co-imperatives Office Location Office Hours: (Consultation Hours) Telephone: E-Mail Address: Resources Required Text: Other Resources: By arrangement Laudon, K.C., Laudon,J.P.: Management Information Systems †Managing the Digital Firm, eleventh version, . Prentice Hall MIS course site: http://odl.ub.edu.bz/moodle3/course/view.php?id=106 COURSE DESCRIPTION COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is intended to give methods and information to making serious business, overseeing worldwide or nearby organizations, including business esteem and giving valuable item and administrations to planned clients. Subjects include: Enterprise Applications. Frameworks for Supply Chain Management. Client Relationship Management. Information Management Systems. Advanced Integration. Web Technology. Database †Design and Implement in a current Database Management System. COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon effective finishing of this course, understudies will have the option to: 1.1.1 Knowledge a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. I. j. k. l. m. Depict the job of data frameworks in today’s serious business condition Explain data frameworks from both specialized and business viewpoint Examine the changing impact of data frameworks on associations and the board Explain the effect of web innovation and the World Wide Web on the Digital firm Describe the jobs of people in the business procedure Portray the sorts of business structures and how they capacity and serve customer base. Clarify the significance of compelling troughs and the jobs they play in the business achievement and the improvement of creative administrations and items Identify the effect, helpfulness and advantage managed organizations through electronic trade Examine protection issues and the manners by which to make sure about a business and its partners from security infringement. Recognize dangers of interruption and different types of framework infringement that exists through outside sources, for example, infections. Portray notable contrasts among the executives and data innovation pros and how these distinctions are relieved. Clarify the different degrees of the executives and the one of a kind frameworks and structures that are basic to these levels Explain the Rationale for creating and keeping up frameworks which are solid, versatile, compact and secure.

Sample TOEFL Essay (Paired Choice)

Sample TOEFL Essay (Paired Choice) The QuestionSome people prefer to eat meals at restaurants, while others prefer to prepare and eat food in their own home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample EssayThese days, people enjoy a plethora of dining options, as it is now possible to eat food at wonderful restaurants serving food from around the world, or to use modern technology to prepare great food in the comfort of our own homes. Personally, I prefer to eat at home, rather than going out. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. To begin with, meals cooked at home are healthier than meals from restaurants, and I strongly value my health. While meals prepared a t restaurants are certainly delicious, they usually include a lot of oil, salt and sugar. Over-consumption of unhealthy ingredients can have a profound effect on our health, and can even lead to chronic illnesses. When I cook for myself at home, I precisely measure the amounts of everything that goes into my food and try my best to limit unhealthy ingredients whenever possible. It is true that my meals may not taste quite as nice at those I might get at a fancy restaurant, but I still enjoy my creations. Rather than enjoying just the taste of the food, much of my pleasure is derived from the enjoyment that went into the cooking of it, and the peace of mind that I gain from knowing that I am taking care of my body. Secondly, everyone knows that restaurants are incredibly expensive. I do not blame restaurant owners for this because I know they must pay a lot for labor, real estate and utilities, but it is true that a meal that might cost five dollars to prepare at home will cost ten times that amount when served to me at a restaurant. Moreover, my country has a tipping culture, which adds increased costs every time I eat out. For example, I remember last month how I paid about fifteen dollars for a simple meal of fish and chips. Potatoes are clearly one of the most inexpensive vegetables in the world, and since I live near the sea, fresh fish can be bought at a local market for just a few dollars a pound. I enjoyed myself, but the amount I paid for it made me feel like I was being irresponsible with my money. In conclusion, I certainly prefer to eat at home rather than at a restaurant. I feel this way because eating at home is healthier, and it makes a lot more economic sense than going out for an expensive meal. (415 words)NoteThis is a sample TOEFL paired choice essay written by a native speaker. It follows our TOEFL writing templates for independent essays. If you find it useful, please remember that we have many more sample essaysfor you to read!

Admission Essay Writing Service from Professional UK Writers

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Also in this section: Affordable Essay Writing Services Provided By Professional Professional Paper Editing Service for Custom Papers Application Essay Writing Service at a Low Cost For Students Buy Essays Online With Professional Writing and Proofreading College Essay Writing Help: Self-Development Experiments English Editing And Proofreading Services: Educational Tips Check My Grammar In Essay On Convincing Speaking If you want to make sure our admissions essay help is skillful, check this essay written by our team dedicated to the basics of studying. There is one very serious problem for every first-year student. This is an inability to study. It does not mean that one can't memorize information or complete the homework. It means that one spends too much time and efforts to study something while it could be done twice faster. Unfortunately, our educational system does not predispose teaching children how to study effectively and this is a very serious gap in this one since children graduate from school and then from the university without knowing how to study. That's why we would like to dedicate this essay to the things you should pay attention to and turn your educational process into the enjoyment. If we consider the topic of studying, you might be interested in our essay on college vs high-school 1. Limit your educational process by the sources of information provided at school/university The pupils, as well as students, rely too much on the source of information provided without trying to conduct a small research and find something truly interesting. Moreover, you won't get the highest grade just presenting something that a teacher/professor gave you. If you will find a good source of information dedicated to the studied topic, you will be more prepared and will be more aware of the topic than the rest of the class/group. Unfortunately, the information provided is not enough to completely cover the topic and thus you will lack knowledge in this one. 2. Listen to music in the course of studying This is a widespread mistake among young people since they can't help listening to musing whenever they go and whatever they do. However, this will do no good to your studying since music draws your attention from studying. Even if you are able to study with music playing in your eyes, it will take much more time than without it. The music fits perfectly to relax having done your homework, but it will be a source of distortion while you are busy learning something. However, music has at least fifteen benefits youve never heard of but they will definitely surprise you. 3. Multitasking is not something you really need If you think that it is better to start doing all the homework at once, it is far from being a good decision. First of all, our brain works better in one direction. When we do several tasks at once we are inattentive and can forget something very important. Thats why it is better to focus on one single task and complete it and then start doing the second one. Otherwise, you wont complete the homework not as good as you could have. 4. Never postpone homework This is a piece of advice you might have heard from your parents but let us explain why it is so important. First of all, our mind is busy thinking about undone homework even when you are hanging out with your friends and it wont let you go. Moreover, you might be caught by the circumstances that will disable you to do the homework within the stated deadline and you will fail to submit it on time. Thus, you will cause additional troubles that would be avoided if you had done all the homework at once without being engaged in procrastination. However, if you cant complete your homework due to the circumstances you couldnt predict, you can buy essay papers at an affordable price on our website! 5. Sleep well Most of the young people are sure that they will be effective at school/university having spent a sleepless night. However, our brain requires rest and without it, our effectiveness drops sharply and we can't even think clearly let alone memorize something. That's why, those who want to pass their tests successfully or be able to work at school/university productively as well, and you need to take care of your rest. In general, we need eight hours of sleep to feel fresh in the course of the day. Otherwise, you will be forced to abuse coffee for the whole day. You should not also forget about your nutrition and if you dont know how to manage it, our writers will help you 6. Oral speech should be well prepared As a rule, our homework can be divided into the written and oral parts and usually, the second one is disregarded even considering the fact that the speech one is about to give is well-learned since when the time comes one experiences certain inconveniences like fear, lack of confidence etc. You just need to stand in front of the mirror and give your speech a couple of times until you understand that you are ready to give it in front of the class/group. There are a couple of additional tips on preparing the oral presentation that will make you more convincing. There are plenty of benefits you will get working with our company. First of all, you will get the best professional custom writers on the internet, the paper delivered will contain no plagiarism issues and grammatical mistakes which can be provided only by the best companies, and we will not miss the deadline not to cause troubles for our customers. 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Essay Fractured Fairy Tale - 946 Words

Fractured Fairy Tale With his eyes closed and his arm gripping Dumbledore as tightly as he could, Harry stepped into that felling of compression. Then, instantly, they were there, at the top of the astronomy tower. Harry helped Dumbledore over to the small steps. Dumbledore laid there, too weak to stand. â€Å"You’re hurt,† Harry said, â€Å"I will go get Madam Pomfrey. She will be able to help.† â€Å"No. Severus,† Dumbledore said clearly, â€Å"Bring me Severus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Harry went to fulfill Dumbledore’s orders when there was a noise from below, as if someone was coming. â€Å"Hide yourself below, Harry,† commanded Dumbledore, â€Å"Don’t speak or be seen by anyone without my permission. No matter what happens, it is imperative that you stay below!† Harry†¦show more content†¦They were Death Eaters—servants of the Dark Lord. Right after them, Harry watched as Severus Snape sneaked up the steps. One on the Death Eaters, Bellatrix, walked up to Draco. â€Å"Well done, Draco,† she said. â€Å"Good evening, Bellatrix,† said Dumbledore with a grim grin on his face, â€Å"I believe introduction is in order.† â€Å"Oh, there’s no time for that, Albus.† Snape was slowly making his way up the stairs. He was preparing himself for what was about to happen. â€Å"What are you waiting for,† Bellatrix said to Draco, â€Å"Kill him†¦now.† â€Å"No,† Snape said as he came up behind the Death Eaters. Dumbledore nodded as if giving him some sort of signal. With two casts of the wand, they both shot green bolts at each of the Death Eaters killing them instantly. Harry stood there in shock at what he just saw. The spell they casted was Avada Cadavra, the killing curse. This spell was forbidden and only used by servants of the Dark Lord to kill someone instantly. â€Å"Why would Dumbledore and Snape use such a spell,† Harry asked himself. Draco laid there, his eyes filled with fear of what just happened. â€Å"Draco Malfoy,† said Dumbledore, â€Å"were you really foolish enough to believe that you could kill me?† There was a silence in the room. â€Å"That doesn’t matter. You betrayed me and now you will die.† â€Å"No, please,† begged Draco, â€Å"I will do anything you ask. Just, please, don’t kill me.† â€Å"I’m afraidShow MoreRelatedBroken Fairy Tales Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesCorey Rosen Schwartz and published by G.P Putnam’s Sons. These three books are all fractured fairy tale stories. A fractured fairy tale is a modified fairytale with unexpected characterization, plot development and different points of view. These fractured fairy tales are usually made to be funny. The first book I chose is called â€Å"The Three Ninja Pigs†. This book is for grades Prek-3. In this fractured fairy tale, three little pigs are frustrated siblings fed up with a wolf that loves to blow housesRead MoreHow Traditional Literature Has Changed Over Time894 Words   |  4 PagesThere were also several articles that I read this week. One of the articles was about Goldilocks in multicultural elementary schools, two articles were about fractured fairy tales, and the last was about children’s folktales and diversity. The last readings this week were books that were either traditional literature or fractured fairy tales. Some of the books I choose, involved Jack and the Beanstalk, Goldilocks, Paul Bunyan, The Three Billy Goats Guff and The Three Ninja Pigs. Something fascinatingRead MoreThe Into The Woods Movie Trailer1309 Words   |  6 Pagesfavorite fairy tales Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Jack and the Beanstalk, and Rapunzel. These plots, which derive from several classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales, are linked together by an original tale involving a baker and his infertile wife and their journey to start a family. The trailer is a preview of the 2014 film that is produced by Disney and is based off the musical by Stephen Sondheim. Nowadays, American society commonly relates the definition of traditional fairy tales to the laterRead MoreCharles Perrault’s Cinderella1326 Words   |  6 PagesIn Cinderella by Charles Perrault, the story depicts an imaginative fairytale through the hardships of a mistreated daughter and the magic of a fairy; in essence, Cinderella demonstrates that focusing on materialism is more important and more effective other than working up the path to majesty. Cinderella is a character who is oft en mistreated by her stepmother and god sisters. Bearing unsuitable personalities, they treat her harshly, leaving all of the chores to her. However, she admits that herRead MoreFairy Tales Paper: A Retelling of Little Red Riding Hood941 Words   |  4 PagesAs we look back on the history of fairy tales, we find that they are stories passed down to generations through the oral tradition that generally include a moral or pervading theme that is meant to aid the listener. One characteristic of oral stories are the variations that often occurred with each retelling as a result of errors in translation and interpretations, as well as changes driven by the storyteller’s desire to share a particular point of view with the listener. A modern twist on theseRead MoreSignificance Of Matriarchal Societies : A Woman s Honor And Reputation1951 Words   |  8 Pages Sumiya Monaf Professor Badalato ENG1100C December 13, 2015 Significance of Matriarchal Societies in Tales A woman’s honor and reputation differs from culture to culture. In many cultures, women are expected to only bear children and become housewives. Some women are only allowed to work in certain fields that might only be permissible for what â€Å"women† would be capable enough to handle. Women until this day earn just 78 cents for every dollar a man earnsRead MoreFairy Tale Assignment1243 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Answer one of the following questions, considering the entire passage. Provide three specific examples of fairy/folk tales from any culture and how they relate to the question you’ve chosen. 1. Maria Tatar, in Off With Their Heads!, writes: F airy tales are not written in granite. My own experience has shown that we continue to rewrite the tales as we reread them, even though the words on the page remain the same. But it is important to remember that what we produce in our retellingsRead MoreFilm Review: Shrek1061 Words   |  4 Pagesparking lots or laugh at the scene when Farquaad consults with the Magic Mirror for wifely candidates (Howe, 2001). Another reviewer commented: For the movie, despite all its high-tech weirdness, is really that most perdurable of human constructions, a tale told well and true, one that carries you along and prods you to laugh and squeal and jump and dance, all of which fit under the general category of Making You Care (Hunter, 2001). Note that the reviewer is not saying that the story in Shrek makesRead MoreRuby Moon By Matt Cameron1390 Words   |  6 Pagesthe cul-de-sac (HCS, 2014). The intimacy and secrecy of the Flaming Tree Grove co mmunity and its lack of safety adds to the supernatural and paranormal intrusions of Australian Gothic Theatre. The Ruby Moon production was fuelled and inspired by fairy tales such as Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White, Hansel and Gretel, and Alice in Wonderland, and also newspaper headings and stories about families and their missing children scattered around the world. Matt Cameron s purpose of the production wasRead MoreFemale Archetypes in Odyssey1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Odyssey and Antigonà ª Karen Rustad The fairy tale Snow White is a story about two women. One, the evil stepmother, schemes against her stepdaughter in order to assuage her envy and increase her power. She, of course, is thwarted by the end of the story. The other, Snow White, is a pure, innocent damsel entirely devoid of will. Nevertheless, by the end her prince saves her and she lives happily ever after. While Snow White is a European fairy tale, its dichotomy of female roles is a common

Organizational Culture Of The Publix Corporation - 1082 Words

Organizing – Organizational Culture Our textbook provides us with the definition of organizational culture â€Å"as the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments† (Kinicki Williams 227). The Publix Corporation formally states its commitment to its organizational culture in their published mission statement. One of the bullet points of the Publix mission dedication â€Å"to the dignity, value and employment security of our associates† (Mission Statement Guarantee). It is the founder’s values that drive an organization’s culture (Kinicki Williams 227). Publix has its story, one of its observable artifacts (the first†¦show more content†¦Organizing – Organizational Structure Organizational structure describes who reports to whom and who does what (Kinicki Williams 239). It is evident that Publix is a for-profit organization. Through the elements found in their strong organizational culture, all Publix employees are aligned and focused with a coordinated effort, on the organization’s common purpose: â€Å"To be the premier quality food retailer in the world† (Mission Statement Guarantee). Although an org chart for the entire organization is not available, due to proprietary information laws, here is a pyramid showing layers of the organizational structure at a standard Publix store (Carvin 125). It appears that a Publix store’s vertical hierarchy of authority, the â€Å"who reports to whom†, in the store is exactly as one would expect, a simple chain of command (Kinicki Williams 239). This display represents a narrow span of control, specifically in the middle management area because there is a one-to-one ratio of department to assistant department managers. This changes to a flatter span of control at the lower level, where each store will have a total of more than one hundred full- and part-time employees reporting to only six assistant department managers. This is also a very commonly used functional structure. For example, employees who work the front of theShow MoreRelatedPublix : Principles Of Management And Leadership2626 Words   |  11 PagesBUS 270 Mrs. Francis 30 April 2015 Publix - Principles of Management and Leadership A General Overview Publix is an employee-owned supermarket chain that is said to be the largest of its kind in the United States. Its operations span throughout the southeast region, with locations in Tennessee, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina and South Carolina; with Florida having nearly half of the company’s operating base. George W Jerkins founded the corporation as an employee-owned private entityRead MoreAn Analysis of Actual Policies and Procedures of Publix Super Markets5062 Words   |  21 PagesAn Analysis of Actual Personnel Policies for Publix  Super Markets, Inc. Lisette Medina Dafne Naranjo Lindsay Orange Lourdes Rodriguez Wendy Wright    Florida Atlantic University MAN 4301 Dr. Elliot Ser November 23, 2011 Contents Internal and External Environment 5 Company History 5 Company Financials 5 SWOT Analysis 6 Impact Among Human Resource Management Policies 10 Personnel Needs 11 Department Personnel 11 Bakery Department 11 Deli Department 12 Meat DepartmentRead MoreThe Company : A Successful Opening An Interior Commercial Department1217 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscount stores. In 1962, target opens its first discount retail store in Roseville, Minn. and company continues operating successfully in America until today. Target’s has a solid business the reasoning is its culture. â€Å"Target Corporation prides itself in having an organizational culture where everyone is valued and rewarded for their efforts, determination, motivation, and hard-work.1 Target also utilizes a differentiation strategy, unlike the low-cost strategy that is used by Wal-Mart.3 They striveRead MoreWalmart s Mission And Purpose3142 Words   |  13 Pagesbillion a year! (Corporate Financial Facts, N.A. 2014). According to Sam Walton, Walmart â€Å"has a culture of working together to fulfill their purpose and is incorporated into every aspect of the business† (Walmart Culture, 2014, n.d.). Their beliefs that are enforced and practiced are: â€Å"service to their customers, respect for the individual, strive for excellence, and act with integrity† (Walmart Culture, 2014, n.d.). How Did Walmart Change? Even though Walmart is the largest retail store in the worldRead MoreStudent Academic Code Of Conduct And This Assignment Complies With The Code6050 Words   |  25 Pagesdevelop and implement customized solutions that address today s challenges and tomorrow s opportunities. In the past 8 years, I have completed hundreds of projects globally to help retailers tackle their top strategic, operational, financial and organizational issues. As an expert I help associations to explain issues, make quality, augment development and enhance business execution, additionally to help an association to build up any authority abilities that it might be deficient. The procedure, structureRead MoreSeven Practices of Successful Organizations14082 Words   |  57 Pagesif not all of the systems producing profits through people. †¢ Employment security. †¢ Selective hiring of new personnel. †¢ Self-managed teams and decentralization of decision making as the basic principles of organizational design. †¢ Comparatively high compensation contingent on organizational performance. †¢ Extensive training. †¢ Reduced status distinctions and barriers, including dress, language, office arrangements, and wage differences across levels. †¢ Extensive sharing of financial and performanceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreStarbucks : Internationalisation Process to Eastern Europe9590 Words   |  39 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS STARBUCKS CORPORATION PRESENTATION 4 1. STARBUCKS COMPANY 4 1.1. Company Overview 4 1.2. Business Description 4 1.3. The core product 5 1.4. A few financial data 5 1.5. Starbucks mission statement 7 1.6. The vision 7 1.7. SWOT analysis 8 STARBUCKS MARKET: THE ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE MARKET 10 1. INTRODUCTION 10 2. GLOBAL HOT DRINKS MARKET 10 3. THE US HOT DRINKS MARKET IN 2003 12 4. STARBUCKS MAIN COMPETITORS 13 4.1. Competition tree - direct and indirect competitionRead MoreMarketing Audit: Wal-Mart6491 Words   |  26 Pagescontinued increase in promotional and advertisement, Wal-Mart can easily see double digit growth in the next several years. The revamping and synchronizing of the marketing information system has allowed for successful store segmentation of local area cultures and ethnicities. Wal-Mart s tendency to overstock on merchandise has reduced gross margins by several percentage points on a yearly basis. Ethical shoppers are frustrated at Wal-Mart s tactics of forcing low prices causing smaller competitorsRead MoreCrm in Supermarkets30832 Words   |  124 Pagesbrand loyalty perhaps can be met simultaneously. While funding and technology are the most pervasive barriers to CRM realization, relieving those constraints will be meaningless if the cultural issues that plague most retailers are not resolved. Organizational and cultural issues will prevent the attraction and retention of sufficient people with the technical, analytical, and customer service skills needed at all levels of the organization to make CRM succeed. According to leading academics and business

Essay about Picture of Dorian Gray Corruption - 1677 Words

According to the nurture theory of the evolution of human behavior, when a child is first brought into the world it has no basis or idea of how to perceive things. The child is pure and innocent. It is naive to its surroundings, depending on the guidance of those around it to show it the way. When a child is born, most are accompanied by loving nurses, doctors, and parents. The moment this child encounters these other beings, the influences upon the individual begins. Their parents and peers influence their personas and ultimately who they become. They instill in them the values and morals necessary to survive in society. They teach them self-control, cleanliness, repression of anger and respect for elders and property. It is these†¦show more content†¦2). This purity and innocence allows the audience to perceive Dorian as a blank slate or a human canvas. Although he is in fact in his late twenties, he is still portrayed as naà ¯ve and innocent. He is said to have a simple and beautiful nature(10; ch. 1), a comment that would be used today to describe a young child. The human canvas motif is first portrayed to the audience through Basil Hallward, an artist who becomes infatuated with Dorian. Basil remarks He is all art to me now and Dorian Gray is to me simply a motive in art(7-8; ch 1), suggesting that Dorian should be seen as a work of art. Lord Henry also remarks he looks as if he was made out of ivory and rose-leaves. These statements further the notion that Dorian is open for an artists impressions, a position assumed by Lord Henry Wotton. Lord Henrys presence around Dorian is in essence the beginning of his corruption. Basil attempted to deter Lord Henry claiming that he would spoil him and pleaded with Lord Henry saying, dont influence him. Your influence would be bad (10; ch. 1). And later remarks something has changed in you completelyÂ… you talk as if you had no heart, no pity in you. Its all Harrys [Lord Henry] influence. I see that.(79; ch 9) Lord Henry implants outrageous ideas such as when your youth goes, your beauty will go with it, and then you will suddenly discover that there are no triumphs left for you, or have to content yourselfShow MoreRelatedThe Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is the story of moral corruption by the means of aestheticism. In the novel, the well meaning artist Basil Hallward presets young Dorian Gray with a portrait of himself. After conversing with cynical Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian makes a wish which dreadfully affects his life forever. If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that I would give everythingRead MorePicture of Dorian Gray: Influence, Corruption and Conscience Essay example3040 Words   |  13 PagesInfluence, Corruption and Conscience in The Picture of Dorian Gray      Ã‚   Oscar Wildes novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, explores the themes of influence, corruption and conscience. â€Å"The obvious influence of Lord Henry upon Dorian shows how one may corrupt another to such an extent that ones own conscience withers and dies†(Weintraub 116).    Basil Hallward, a painter, knows the corruptive influence that Lord Henry can impose upon his model, Dorian Gray. Basil does not want Lord HenryRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1040 Words   |  5 PagesCorruption can do many things. It can lead to unstable lifestyles, pollute minds and bring on the downfall of just about anything or anyone. One of the best examples would be from the story, Dorian gray by Oscar Wilde. This story showed a young Dorian living his innocent life, only to be surrounded and influenced by the corrupt society around him and would ultimately lead to his demise. It is not easy to define corruption as a whole. But to narrow it down, corruption is mainly associated with briberyRead MoreLord Henry s Manipulation Corrupting Dorian Gray1633 Words   |  7 PagesManipulation Corrupting Dorian Gray   In the eyes of Lord Henry, there is no such thing as a good influence, all influence is immoral (Wilde, 8)   meaning that anything being said is neutral; however, that person uses that information is the leading factor of manipulation and corruption.   Lord Henry is the prime instigator and had motive for turning Dorian into a destructive monster, opposite his naturally shy and youthful soul. Author, Oscar Wilde, uses Lord Henry in Picture of Dorian Gray to show how theRead MoreThe Relationship between Dorian Gray, Basil Hallward and Lord Henry Wotton1374 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel The Picture of Dorian Gray, which is a story about debauchery and corruption of innocence and well known as a Gothic melodrama. Violent twists and a sneaky plot make this novel a distinct reflection of human pride and corrupt nature. Before we examine the quality of the error that Dorian Gray commits, we should first examine his friends and their relation to him because Dorian falls into this error with a little help from his friends. 1. The relationship between Dorian Gray and BasilRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde800 Words   |  3 Pagesof formulating an authentic identity in the realism of a hedonistic, pleasure-seeking lifestyle without boundaries. By first looking at this challenge in all its facets, it will be easier to comprehend the fundamental theme in his book The Picture of Dorian Gray. In his professional life, Wilde became known for his short stories, poems, plays, his only novel, and his wit. Wilde became a celebrity in London after distinguishing himself as an superb author. In Oxford, â€Å"he became known for his involvementRead MoreDorian Gray : Moral Responsibility Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, it tells of a mans gradual downfall from innocence to corruption. Even the name of the main character in Oscar Wildes tale, Dorian Gray, is very symbolic because ‘gray is the combination of black and white, of good and evil. In many ways, Dorian Gray is the epitome of mankind. Dorian Gray, an innocent and naà ¯ve man, becomes corrupted after having one conversation with Lord Henry Wotton. He shows how easily people can become swayed and changed merelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Picture Of Dorian Gray 804 Words   |  4 PagesAlbright Picture of Dorian Gray 1943/44 Oil on canvas 215.9 x 106.7 cm (85 x 42 in.) The painting is a self-portrait of the fictional character Dorian gray. The painting was used in the film where the character had asked a portrait of him as a handsome man. Dorian gray trades in his soul for him to remain forever young and handsome. Gray lives a life where he does things that are morally corrupt. Gray continues not to age but the painting starts to change showing grays moral corruption. In the centerRead More Inner and outer beauty in Dorian Gray Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesvery misleading. In order to get to know the person we need to look to the inside – into the soul. This is the place where the real beauty and ugliness are hidden. The notion of inner and outer beauty is perfectly presented in the novel ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray’ by Oscar Wilde. The story described in this book shows how the external attractiveness influences people’s behavior and corrupts the inner beauty. The plot situated in the XIX England perfectly describes the higher class of this period. ShallowRead MoreInner and Outer Beauty in Dorian Gray1512 Words   |  7 Pagesmisleading. In order to get to know the person we need to look to the inside Ââ€" into the soul. This is the place where the real beauty and ugliness are hidden. The notion of inner and outer beauty is perfectly presented in the novel ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. The story described in this book shows how the external attractiveness influences peoples behavior and corrupts the inner beauty. The plot situated in the XIX England perfectly describes the higher class of this period. Shallow

Doctor-Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized Essay

â€Å"Dogs do not have many advantages over people, but one of them is extremely important: euthanasia is not forbidden by law in their case; animals have the right to a merciful death.† ― Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being One of the most controversial topics that is being debated today, both morally and legally, is assisted suicide, sometimes known as active euthanasia. Assisted suicide is the act of directly intervening in order to end the life of a terminally ill patient (i.e. administering a large amount of sleeping pills). The word euthanasia, comes from Latin eu for good and thanatos for death (OCRT 1). Many people in this country are existing in a living death, suffering on a day to day basis. The†¦show more content†¦They believe that assisted suicide crosses the moral border into government-condoned killing. The Christian, Jewish, and Muslim religions all seem to strictly discourage assisted suicide, as well as all types of suicide. They stress that life is Gods alone to give, and Gods alone to take (Van Biema 61). Traditional Christian beliefs against suicide were first affirmed by Thomas Aquinas, a writer in the early thirteenth century. He emphasized that suicide (and assisted suic ide) violates ones natural desire to live, harms other people, and that life is Gods gift to give and take (OCRT 2). Not all religions are against suicide, either. Hinduism promotes the taking of ones own life instead of living with dishonor (Flanders 49). Whatever a religion may offer as its belief about suicide, the followers of that religion do not always uphold that belief. At Masada, for example, a sect of fervently religious Jews known as Zealots held off Roman invaders for two years. When it became apparent that defeat was inevitable, their leader convinced the remaining nine hundred and sixty of them to commit suicide (Flanders 5). And Michel de Montaigne, a Christian writer living in France in the mid sixteenth century wrote five essays arguing that suicide is a matter of personal choice, and it is a viable option under some circumstances (OCRT 1). The American support of active euthanasia has been seen in national organizationsShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide : Rights And Responsibilities1570 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted Suicide: Rights and Responsibilities A woman suffering from cancer became the first person known to die under the law on physician-assisted suicide in the state of Oregon when she took a lethal dose of drugs in March, 1998. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act passed a referendum in November, 1997, and it has been the United States only law legalizing assisted suicide since then. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, more than 4,000 doctors have approved of the assisted suicideRead MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesof â€Å" Why active euthanasia and physician assisted suicide should be legalized† suggest that active euthanasia should be legalized because it can end a patient’s suffering, there is not much of a difference between the passive and active euthanasia, and it gives the patient a choice. In the article,â€Å"Why active euthanasia and physician assisted suicide should be legalized†, Len and Lesley Doyal argue that active eutha nasia and physician assisted suicide should be legal in medical practices; I agree thatRead MoreLegalizing Physician Assisted Suicide1140 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent society, legalizing physician assisted suicide is a prevalent argument. In 1997, the Supreme Court recognized no federal constitutional right to physician assisted suicide (Harned 1) , which defines suicide as one receiving help from a physician by means of a lethal dosage (Pearson 1), leaving it up to state legislatures to legalize such practice if desired. Only Oregon and Washington have since legalized physician assisted suicide. People seeking assisted suicide often experience slanted judgmentsRead MoreAssisted Suicide Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Assisted Suicide (Euthanasia) There probably isn’t one person that can say that they haven’t watched somebody they love in some way suffer from and ultimately die from some sort of unfortunate disease. Assisted suicide is a very controversial topic in the United States. Physician assisted suicide is defined as suicide committed by a terminally ill person with help from another person. This subject causes many controversies of ethical and moral issues. Some of these issues are that it violatesRead MoreThe Infamous Story Of Dr. Jack Kevorkian1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe infamous story of Dr. Jack Kevorkian is a unique one. Professor Hengameh M. Hosseini wrote how he was a doctor and was one of the first notable physicians to aid in suicide for his patients that wanted it. In 1989 Kevorkian aided in Janet Adkins suicide, his first patient to do so. After many years of helping his patients in this way, Kevorkian got in trouble in 1998 when he got caught administering a lethal injection to Thomas York, a patient who was suffering from Lou Gehrig’s disease and wantedRead MoreAssisted Suicide878 Words   |  4 Pages  2014   Block  5   Persuasive  Essay  Ã‚     Assisted  suicide  is  the  suicide  of  a  person,  done  with  the  help  of  another  person  but   mostly  a  physician.  (Wikipedia)  This  can  be  a  very  debatable  topic  because  it  has  actually  been   legalized  in  different  parts  of  the  world.  By  having  this  act  legalized,  it  doesn’t  really  mean  that   the  assistor  won’t  get  persecuted.  Many  people  may  not  agree  with  my  point  of  view,  but  in  my   opinion  assisted  suicide  should  not  be  legalized  at  all.      First  of  all,  there  are  many  pros  such  as  Read MoreArgumentative Essay : Physician Assisted Suicide Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesArgumentative Essay: Physician Assisted Suicide, Should it be Legalized? Physician assisted suicide is requested by the terminally ill, typically when the pain from the illness is too much to handle and is not manageable through treatments or other medications. Assisted suicide is more of a broad term for helping someone die a good death, physician assisted suicide is where a medical doctor provides information and medication and the patient then administers the medications themselves. EuthanasiaRead MoreDeath with Dignity Act should be Legalized in Every State775 Words   |  3 Pageseventually lose themselves. These people should have a choice as of whether they want to live out those dreadful days that lie ahead of them, or to simply end their lives peacefully, without any pain. Physician- Assisted Suicide or Euthanasia allows people to make the decision. Although the end-result of both procedures is the same, the technique differs slightly. In Physician- Assisted Suicide, the physician injects the lethal substances, and with Euthanasia, the doctor o nly provides a lethal amount ofRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Managed1273 Words   |  6 PagesAssisted Suicide Brittany Maynard was twenty-nine years old, she had been married for a year when she was diagnosed with brain cancer. Doctors gave her a prognosis of six months to live. After that, Brittany and her family decided to move to Oregon to take advantage of the Death with Dignity Act. On November 1, 2014, Maynard decided to end her life. Assisted suicide is a controversial topic that has been debated for many years. In a few countries, this procedure has already been legalized. ThereRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is Not A Beneficial Treatment For Medical Patients1350 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide Imagine having a relative with a terminal illness; perhaps this person feels that their only option is assisted-suicide. Now, put yourself into their shoes. Would you choose to live the rest of your days in pain, or would you choose to die with a sense of dignity? Physician-assisted suicide has been prohibited for many years and many physicians have given their input on the subject, enlightening many on the fundamentals of assisted-suicide; others have stated their opinions

Gender and Racial Issues Free Essays

string(55) " the former manifests as the foundation of the latter\." The main character in the novel Ti-Jeanne had been trying to avoid Rudy, a man who apparently have a child with her. The relationship of both characters from the past towards the present has actually displayed the different issues that gender differences are subjected to right now. Women are likely understood by the human society as the weaker vessel in the human community. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Racial Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most often than not, this fact has made it easier for the society to present women as the gender division in the society that comes only as the second important group of population in the human community. Today, media is considered to be the most influential matter in the society today. Likely, the said medium of entertainment has directly affected the ways by which people react upon the different norms in the society today including that of the issues regarding gender differences. For this study, the process by which media presents women through movies and television programs shall be discussed with clarity and careful understanding. Considerably, this study shall present the different impacts by which media intends to point out the differences between men and women in the society today. During the 1950’s just after the world war events, women were rather presented in a much traditional manner that made them appear accustomed to the household activities. Their roles during the war years were also presented in a much more radical approach showing that though they were considered weak, they made so much to contribute to the strength of the people who are fighting for the freedom of the human society during the said era in the human society. Ever since that particular era, the role of women in the society had been changing gradually. Likely, the said series of changes had also been shown through media presentations. Aside from that, the advancement of technology towards the modern society has actually made it possible for the presentation of the women population to be more practical and realistic. In the novel of Hopkinson, it could be observed that the women culture has been presented in a rather developing way, whereas a supposed weak individual who is faced with all the necessary adjustments that needs to be dealt with in becoming more familiar with a new community gains power through confidence. On Racial Differences The entire reading in the said book could be separated within four particular sections that present the major focused thoughts of the authors of the said material. The said divisions are as follows: †¢ Each individual is rightfully disposed to have his or her own thinking with regards a certain issue in the society. The differences of the people make it easier for each person to see the importance of the said right towards each individual. The opinion of each person is particularly a reflection of his or her own experiences in life. †¢ As for this matter it could be observed that the election of the American society is divided in several ways that the opinions of people with regards who the rightful person to rule the nation wins the position of the most important authority who would have power over the different authorities of the nation altogether. †¢ In terms of several social issues, it could be observed that the American society have different opinions altogether that coming up with a single acceptable opinionated view about several matters is a certain sort of clash of ideas between individuals. †¢ Political issues in the American society appear to be among the largest element of diversity of the said community of different individuals. The background of each person and their wants as well shapes their decision in taking part in the society’s political standing today. †¢ Aggressiveness of the people towards having the best kind of government available is something that needs to be strongly identified by each individual who are taking part in the electoral practices at present. Constantly considering the differences of the individuals and giving them the rightful attention that they are due regardless of their race or their color may not be that easy to apply through this particular process of equalizing the social system. This is especially true when it comes to understanding the situation in a normalizing manner. Actual application of being fair to everyone regardless of their racial division is not an easy task to accomplish. Through the attention given to the needs of everyone else in the population of people concerned in the situation, it could be noted that the main aim of the system is to make equalizing programs work for serving the best values of the individuals concerned (Wyle, 2003). People are likely to be divided because of their cultural beliefs. This likely involves the importance of the major consideration given to the cultural diversity of each individual from the others who are present in a certain institution. Seeing them as persons having the same level of needs of respect and same demands of attention shall equip the administrational authorities with the rightful skill and capability of handling such cases of differences in terms of race and culture. It should then be realized that deeply understanding the situation through narrowing the elements of effect through identification of human behavior as individuals and not as people divided by race, is the main key towards the successful application of the said proposed program or event. (Wyle, 12) From this outlined summary, it could be observed that the book points out that the diversity of the people today in the American society makes the political status of the said nation rather aggressive and progressive in several important ways. Further Implications of the Reading The society is mainly composed of many different individuals each having their own characteristics, social background, and cultural affinity producing diversity among the people. The unique personal characteristics of each individual radiates in the formation and development of the society as the former manifests as the foundation of the latter. You read "Gender and Racial Issues" in category "Papers" As people compose the society, their unique and personal characteristics affect the formation and development of it including the differences in most major social factors and concepts. Included in this is the issue of race and social ethnicity. Race is mainly defined as the social characteristics localized within a certain social group that is shared through both biological characteristics and regional factor. Among the commonly included characteristics in this concept are the shared physical features in a certain social group such as color of skin and others. The concept of race is commonly used as the background factor in the personal identity of each individual. Ethnic background on the other hand plays more on the side of cultural affinity rather than on the physical manifestation. This concept similarly serves as the identity factor for each individual as the ethnic background manifests as the primary link of an individual to his or her roots. On a sociological aspect, ethnic relations are formal and mandatory as associated with the birthright of an individual though the relationship of the subject with his or her ethnic background on a cultural aspect is viable wherein he or she can choose to deviate from it and affiliate him or herself to other cultural groups. Indeed, the concept of race and ethnic background serves as the anthropological factor determining the roots and family background of the involved subject. Another important factor associated with the concept of race and ethnic background is the issue of inequality and discrimination. Social groups are mainly formed through the unison and association of different unique individuals sharing a common factor, which can be of regional location, physical characteristics, blood relationship and cultural background. The people sharing a similar denominator established themselves together as a single social group with their own cultural identity. However, on a general sociological perspective, each social group based on race and ethnic background manifests to be a unique unit in the larger context. As the social race opens their group to the larger social aspect, issues of differences pertaining to their cultural issues, shared physical appearance, and anthropological factor as now brought up into the context (Rothenberg, 2001). As influenced by these issues, aspects of discrimination and social inferiority play now in the picture wherein the social groups in the general society are now segregated among the superior and inferior ones. The issue of discrimination in the sociological context is always based on a certain factor causing the said mentality or personal perspective. Commonly in the present society, physical appearance and cultural differences are the main fuels that affect the discriminative view towards the other social groups classifying the superior from the inferior class. Indeed, the issue of race and ethnic factor becomes the basis for the segregation and discrimination in the people wherein the established inferior unit becomes oppressed compared by the superior class. This often manifests in the course of the development of each social groups in several aspects. An example of this concept is the racial discrimination that is dominant in the American society segregating the groups of the whites and the blacks wherein the former are considered superior than the later (Rothenberg, 2001). This discrimination often manifests in the several important social institutions such as the employment sector wherein most blacks are not qualified to be hired for higher executive positions because of their racial background. Another is the racial harassment that the blacks are receiving from most white factions who wants to further undermine and take advantage of the inferiority of the black people. However, this issue of discrimination is not based of the common connoted definition of the concept of race, which is through skin color. Instead, the real significant roots of the discriminative behavior within this society manifests to be from the anthropological and historical relationship of the two social groups namely the period of the slavery of the blacks and the social impression this has left on the mentality of the people. Indeed, the blacks were once victim of the physical oppression of slavery from the white people and this historical period has left a cultural and sociological scar on the impression of their race (Rothenberg, 2001). As these people are victimized and oppressed, their once status in the society still influence the perspective of the people in the present which comes in conflict with the pride and status of the other social groups. Because they were once slaves, other social groups do not want to be mixed and be on the same level with the black people thus, their cultural perspective develops to undermine the capacity and capabilities of the black people to hinder their equal social ascension (Rothenberg, 2001). This concept is widely prevailing in the present and most oppressed social minorities are still fighting their way against this discriminative behavior. Other oppressed social groups are those who are foreign to the land of the dominant race wherein the former were viewed to be inferior compare to the later. Victims of these views are the Hispanics, Irish, and other immigrants and refugees in the American society (Rothenberg, 2001). The dominant race allowed the intrusion of the foreign social group however, a demarcation line must still be implemented wherein the dominant will stay to be the superior in most social institutions and fields. This in part, manifested to have an oppressive effect on the minority faction wherein the superior class hinders their development and integration in the general society. Indeed, the issue of racial discrimination is not mainly attributed to the racial, ethnic and social differences of the involved parties but on the unresolved conflicts and issues between the involved social groups. Indeed, racial perception is not on the significance of the color of skin or cultural practice but on the personal perception and view of the people looking into the context. Indeed, the issue of racial discrimination is laid not on\biological and sociological inferiority complex but instead on the concept regarding the social development between the two social groups. Because of this, the issue of racial discrimination indeed becomes illogical and unethical as something occurred in the past is not applicable on the present context. Instead, the discriminated social groups must be entitled to social affirmative actions as part of the assistance to the development and reintegration of the oppressed social groups. Instead of discriminating the oppressed social groups, social minorities must instead be assisted in their integration and association in the general social context to achieve a positive social status for both the involved social groups. Overall Reaction From the reading that has been presented herein, it could be noted that the people of the American society are indeed much directly concerned of the ways by which their thoughts and opinions are given high regard by the major sources of power in the nation, particularly that of the political sectors of the society. Form this particular learning, it is undeniable that the truth behind the importance of diversity indeed affects the progress of the entire country as one nations standing for further progress in the future. Reference: Brown Girl in the Ring, Nalo Hopkinson, Warner Aspect, 1998, 250 pp. How to cite Gender and Racial Issues, Papers

Customer Centric Strategy for Woolworths-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Identify the Concept of Corporate Objectives and evaluate an Organisation with information available in the public domain. 2.Discuss Marketing Orientation Concepts. Explain with examples which concept your Organisation follows. 3.What is your Organisation's core Marketing Strategy? Discuss thestrengths and weaknesses of the Current Marketing Strategy and explain how this strategy will help your Organisation reach its Corporate Objectives. Answers: 1.Identification of corporate objectives and evaluation of Woolworths Corporate objectives refer to the realistic goal of an organization that influences the internal strategic decision making of an organization. Woolworth is a well known retail organization of Australia. Their corporate objectives are as follow: To develop the store-led culture that is customer and team oriented To manage the physical and financial resources properly to enhance the productivity To provide more value to the customers in order to evolve the business To empower portfolio business to implement strategies to sustain the value of the shareholder To generate sustainable sales in the business The store-led culture of Woolworths that is customer and team oriented includes good price and great service to satisfy the customer. In order to provide good service and enhance productivity, this organization needs to arrange their physical financial resources that are the manpower and the money. Empowering the business portfolio will enable this organization to give value to their internal and external shareholder by involving them in the decision making, which leads them to get sustainable growth in the sales (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). However, giving value to the choice of consumers is important for such organization to understand the current market demand. 2.Discussion of the marketing concept Marketing oriented concept includes marketing concept, production concept, and selling the concept. Marketing concept focuses on the implementation of the strategy in order to satisfy the target market by identifying their needs. Therefore, the production concept highlights on the development of the quality product with innovative feature (Baker Saren, 2016). Selling concept focuses on the development of sales transaction rather than the establishment of long term relationship with the customers. In the context of Woolworths, they aim to give value to their customers thus they focus on the marketing concept in order to set goal according to the customer requirement. As for example, healthy food is a preferable thing for the customers. Keeping this in mind Woolworths offers sushi restaurant in all the Australia super market, as a result, the customers get fresh and healthy food easily that is handmade by experts. On the other hand, consumers have a demand to get ready food, which is easy to cook. Hence, Woolworths offers seafood in an oven-ready bag that is good marketing concept to satisfy the customers as customers get restaurant quality food at their home without any labor (Chavez et al., 2016). Hence, such innovative marketing concepts will be beneficial for Woolworths to get competitive advantages in the global market. 3.Identification of the core marketing strategy of Woolworth and evaluation of its strength and weakness Establishment of the customer centric business is the core strategy of Woolworths (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). Customer centric strategy will enable them to understand the customer needs and by developing a strong relationship with their customers Woolworths will implement such strategy. Strengths of Customer centric strategy Establishment of customer loyalty is the big strength of customer centric strategy (Carrilero, 2016). On the other hand, loyal customers act as the good reference that will maximize the sales revenue generation (Chavez et al., 2016). Weakness of customer centric strategy Lack of creativity is the big weakness of customer centric business. However, the organization fails to incorporate innovative idea in their product development as result profitability is affected. On the other hand, customers requirements are ever changing; as a result, it is difficult for the organization to cope up with the changing demand of the customers. Importance of Customer centric strategy for Woolworths Woolworths wants to give value to the customers, develop the business which is customer oriented and get sustainable sales. Hence, by the implementation of the customer centric strategy they will be able to understand the needs of the target market, which satisfies their customers and increase their numbers Baker Saren, 2016). Thus it leads to such organization to get sustainable sales References Baker, M. J., Saren, M. (Eds.). (2016).Marketing theory: a student text. London: Sage. Chavez, R., Yu, W., Feng, M., Wiengarten, F. (2016). The Effect of Customer?Centric Green Supply Chain Management on Operational Performance and Customer Satisfaction.Business Strategy and the Environment,25(3), 205-220. Palacios-Marques, D., Palacios-Marques, D., Guijarro, M., Guijarro, M., Carrilero, A., Carrilero, A. (2016). The use of customer-centric philosophy in hotels to improve customer loyalty.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(3), 339-348. Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2017).Strategy and objectives. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-approach/strategy-and-objective

Research Design Quantitative and Mixed Methods

Question: Discuss about the Research Design for Quantitative and Mixed Methods. Answer: Introduction: Allan (2010) conducted research to give insight into the subject of mentoring overseas nurses, that mainly took into consideration barriers to non-discriminatory along with effective mentoring process. The author argued that a number of barriers are found to prevail in due course of mentoring overseas nurses in the care home sector as well as National Health Services (NHS). This finding gains supports by a rich pool of data from a certain national study. The data collection ool was that interviews took into consideration 93 overseas nurses as well as 13 local and 24 national mentors and managers coming from 6 research sites. The analysis of the data indicated that overseas students often face discrimination and poor mentoring practices are taken up for these students. Levett?Jones et al., (2009) attempted to study the relationship existing between staff and students and the impact of this relationship on learning and belongingness of the nursing students. 18 students were recruited as sample population from two universities in Australia and one University of the United Kingdom took part in the research that involved in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the collected data was undertaken. It was found that staff-student relationship, including legitimization of the student role, receptiveness, recognition, appreciation, support, inclusion/exclusion, and isssues, had a key role in influencing the learning and sense of belonging of the students. Similarities between the settings were noteworthy. Li et al., (2011) carried out a research to explore the impact peer mentoring program may have on stress levels of nursing students at the time of their clinical practice. A quasi-experimental design was conducted with 49 junior level nurse students, out of which 17 were in the experimental group, and the rest were in the control group. The tool used for evaluating the stress level was a 6-point perceived Stress Scale. Stress from lack of professional skills and knowledge and stress from assignments and workload got the highest scores. Wilcoxon matched paired signed ranks test indicated that there were no significant differences in stress scores were there between control and experimental group. This implied that there are many advantages as well as disadvantages of peer mentoring programs. Wilson (2014) designed a study to understand the lived experience of mentoring and how mentors can be supported. A hermeneutic phenomenological methodology drawing proposed by Heidegger was considered. Twelve mentors, working in different clinical settings in England were the chosen participants through snowball and purposive sampling. Participants brought into focus their experiences of undergoing mentoring with the aid of event diaries and in-depth interviews. The study revealed that the meaning of mentor is the 'educational use of self.' Mentors revealed that relations had a major role in good educational experience. The proposed study would have a qualitative research approach. Phenomenology research design would be appropriate for the proposed research. The research aims to explore the perceptions and views of the nursing students. The valuable experiences of the nurses are to be highlighted through the research. Phenomenological approach would, therefore, be suitable for the research. The aim of phenomenological approach is to throw light on the particular phenomenon through the perceptions of the participants of a research. Phenomenology is related with the exploration of experience from the point of view of the individuals (Lewis, 2015). Phenomenology is a descriptive, inductive research approach developed from the phenomenological philosophy. It aims to describe the experience lived by an individual. Phenomenology is a useful vehicle to illumine and simplify key and imperative issues for research. The four steps of this form of research are bracketing, intuiting, analysing and describing (Kelly et al., 2014). Interviews would be conducted for data collection tool. Phenomenological research is usually conducted with interviews, participant observation and discussion being the data collection tools as they help in translating the gathered information (Creswell, 2013). The research would be conducted after getting the consent of the participants. Informed Consent is the form of voluntary conformity to take part in any proposed research. It is known to be a process in which the participant has a well-developed perception of the research to be conducted together with the involved risks. Informed consent is therefore necessary prior to enrolling a rsearch participant as a fundamental ethical principle (Matthews Ross, 2014). Schedule Research Project Title What is the role of mentoring in students stress levels during their work placement? Aim To understand the impact of mentoring on stress level of students during their work placement To explore student nurses experience of learning through mentoring, and barriers to effective mentoring in clinical work placement settings Approach Qualitative study Design Phenomenological research Participants 25 nursing students having undergone mentoring at the time of work placement Timeframe One month Costs 200 Australian dollars Benefits The study would help in bringing changes in nursing education policies in relation to mentoring for having the best possible benefits of the mentoring process. The research would help mentors to understand the causative factors for stress of the students so that they can eliminate them from their mentoring practice. Evaluation Data analysisis a process of examining,transforming, andmodellingdata, the aim of which is to discover valuable information, propose conclusions, and support decision-making (Kelly et al., 2014). Narrative data analysis would be considered for the proposed research. The aim of the proposed research is to undertake an exploration of the experiences of the participants and narrative analysis considers the manner in which stories are told for understanding more about what people think (Matthews Ross, 2014). The nursing students may not be ready to take part in the research. They can be encouraged to participate by ensuring confidentiality and maintaining privacy. Another barrier may be sample bias that can be addressed by random sampling method (Lewis, 2015). The validity of the research can be determined having a transparent and systematic data collection approach. Whether the research is useful can be understood by drawing a logical conclusion from the research. Cost-effectiveness can be determined by the minimal cost of the research (Kelly et al., 2014). Research findings would be disseminated by publishing the study in a nursing journal (Creswell, 2013) Consistency is the best synonym for reliability. References Allan, H. (2010). Mentoring overseas nurses: Barriers to effective and non-discriminatory mentoring practices.Nursing ethics,17(5), 603-613. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Kelly, A. E., Lesh, R. A., Baek, J. Y. (2014).Handbook of design research methods in education: Innovations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics learning and teaching. Routledge. Levett?Jones, T., Lathlean, J., Higgins, I., McMillan, M. (2009). Staffstudent relationships and their impact on nursing students belongingness and learning.Journal of advanced nursing,65(2), 316-324. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice, 1524839915580941. Li, H. C., Wang, L. S., Lin, Y. H., Lee, I. (2011). The effect of a peer?mentoring strategy on student nurse stress reduction in clinical practice.International nursing review,58(2), 203-210. Matthews, B., Ross, L. (2014).Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed. Wilson, A. M. (2014). Mentoring student nurses and the educational use of self: A hermeneutic phenomenological study.Nurse education today,34(3), 313-318.

Evolution Essays (286 words) - Evolutionary Biology,

Evolution Adam Carpenter Psych 211 Reaction Paper #4 December 11, 2000 Evolution is a very controversial topic in the world today. Many people believe in it, while at the same time, many don't. Like it or not there are many factors that point to the existence of evolution, but what role does evolution play in the theory of learning. It is obvious that learning has an important bearing on evolution. Ideas or actions that are advantageous to the life of an organism are going to be continued, while ones that are not advantageous to the life of an organism are not continues, as it may become harmful to the livelihood of the species. This may be an obvious point, but when you take the time to actually analyze this it is very interesting. It is Darwin's point plainly stated that organisms that aren't smart enough to adapt to new situations are slowly phased out of their environment, while the smarter species make efforts to adapt to the environment. This is evidence that learning occurs in each and every species of organism on this planet. From the smallest amoeba to the largest whale, cognition is evident. It is interesting that, for example, an organism will know that it needs to switch it's eating habits to stay healthy in an ever-changing environment. They may realize that one source of food is depleting so they n eed to switch to another. The idea of evolution is interesting in the since that only the smart will survive. They may must learn to adapt to new surroundings. Some people may have a hard time understanding this point, but it is true it. Extinction is proof that evolution and cognition in the smallest of species occurs. Psychology

Strong evidence Essays

Strong evidence Essays Strong evidence Paper Strong evidence Paper One definition of knowledge is true belief based on strong evidence. What makes evidence strong enough and how can this limit be established? The Oxford Dictionary states evidence as Anything that gives people reason to believe in something . This is however incorrect, as one can provide strong evidence and not change peoples beliefs, if their belief is based on something else. Equally, one can believe in something without substantial evidence (for example God). In this essay however, we are focussing on strength of evidence. Concentrating on religion, mathematics, science and history, we will try to understand how we can measure strength of evidence in each case, and then conclude upon whether there is a universal measure of strength of evidence, or whether strength depends upon the area to which it is applicable.Religion is by definition true belief in something. From an atheists point of view, much of the evidence that proves the existence of higher beings has links that are tenuous at best. For example, the Bible speaks of the ten plagues. These appear to be inexplicable except for the acceptance of some form of divine power. However, modern science is now showing that these events may have been caused by something other than the presence of a god, and can be explained as acts of nature the eruption of nearby Mount Santorini would explain all the ten plagues, and also how Moses crossed the sea, which was not in fact the Red Sea, but the Reed Sea the result of a mistranslation from Hebrew . It is problems like this that many would say disprove religion. The problem we face is that religion is immaterial, therefore there is nothing to test, and scientists are only able to test things so that they may disprove them. Does this mean that religion cannot be knowledge, as there is no testable evidence? Is it not a purely scientific view to say that all evidence must be testable by scientific means? Many religious people believe there is evidence of the existence of higher beings in events that are considered miraculous, such as the sudden healing of an ill person thought to be beyond hope, which medical science cannot explain. Others would argue however that there are many natural phenomena which modern science cannot explain but we have evidence of, such as spontaneous human combustion the process by which people catch fire without source of ignition, and burn at temperatures high enough to burn bones, but do not damage their surroundings. Therefore though current technology may not be able to pinpoint the reason why miracles happen, future knowledge may be able to. Indeed, some people have proved the resurrection of Jesus through the principles of law the six disciples who were witness to his resurrection all testified to it, without any reason to lie. Maths is what many would call absolute knowledge, in that it cannot be disproved once proved. However, this is because maths is an abstract concept 2+2 equals 4 because this is one of the basic premises upon all of which math is based, you cannot therefore disprove it. Mathematical paradigms are established through proofs, which are a series of logical arguments. While evidence can be used to show existence of paradigms, it cannot prove them they must be shown as true using already established rules and deductive logic (the process of taking already established ideas and building upon them). In the case of Fermats last theorem, numerical evidence was given to show it was probably true, as even with computer aid, no numbers could be found to disprove the theory. This however did not constitute a proof, and it took over 300 years from the invention of the theory to its final proof. Therefore in mathematics, knowledge is not based on evidence, it is based on proof. This does not mean we cannot look at strength of evidence in mathematics. Evidence is used to show theories which might be true, and in this case, strength of evidence is purely based on amount the more examples you can give where the theory works, the stronger the evidence.Science is in essence a series of ideas and disproofs one has an idea, one shows it fits certain patterns, and that idea holds true until it is disproved. It is therefore unlike mathematics in that proven theories can later be disproved. It is also important to note that theories may be used which are known to be incorrect, but work for many examples. This is due to a lack of a better theory to explain behaviour. For example, the model of the atom with its orbiting electrons cannot work, as a moving charge would produce a magnetic field, taking away the electrons energy and eventually stopping it. This does not happen, however we stick to this model as evidence shows it works with most cases.

The Role of Technology in College Research Paper

The Role of Technology in College - Research Paper Example Let us analyze the conversion of text books into e-books and utilization of iPads by the students in the educational system. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of implementing this particular technology into the college along with detailed information in terms of its functions and its impact on the students, organization and the education system. The main objective that one has to consider is to what extent does this technology enhances the learning of the students and to what extent it suppresses the well-being of the students. This analysis provides a clear view towards how the technology has to be handled to enhance the students’ learning and how far the limitations have to be imposed towards the students.It is no surprise that students in the modern era are highly utilizing the technology and the Internet. When the printed paperback books are replaced by e-books, it provides the students with an easy access to their books anywhere and anytime. It also serves as a con venient way for the students to store a large number of books within a single device. This is indeed the major reason why students and educators prefer the system of e-books conversion. It tends to provide greater mobility and convenience in the part of the students. The use of e-books and iPad devices provide better functionality to the users. The e-books make your search pretty simple and include advanced functions such as highlighting, annotating and bookmarking the important pages. The e-books are cost effective.... Here we present a comprehensive analysis of implementing this particular technology into the college along with detailed information in terms of its functions and its impact on the students, organization and the education system. The main objective that one has to consider is to what extent does this technology enhances the learning of the students and to what extent it suppresses the well-being of the students. This analysis provides a clear view towards how the technology has to be handled to enhance the students’ learning and how far the limitations have to be imposed towards the students. It is no surprise that students in the modern era are highly utilizing the technology and the Internet. When the printed paperback books are replaced by e-books, it provides the students with an easy access to their books anywhere and anytime. It also serves as a convenient way for the students to store a large number of books within a single device. This is indeed the major reason why st udents and educators prefer the system of e-books conversion. It tends to provide greater mobility and convenience in the part of the students. The use of e-books and iPad devices provide better functionality to the users. The e-books make your search pretty simple and include advanced functions such as highlighting, annotating and bookmarking the important pages. In addition, the e-books are cost effective when compared to the conventional printed text books. â€Å"The conversion to the iPad device and e-textbooks will help lower the overall cost of education to students, saving students roughly $200 per quarter on the cost of printed textbooks† (â€Å"Brown Mackie College System of Schools,† 2012). iPads must be used as a great tool for inspiring the

Geographic development of New England Colonies and affects of Research Paper

Geographic development of New England Colonies and affects of Mayflower Compact - Research Paper Example The New England Colonies was a result of the lack of religious freedom in England. When the Puritans immigrated to America, they started colonies where there leaders emphasized Christianity. This group of people were referred to as Puritans since they sought to purify the churches in the New England (Pastoor 388). The authorities banned those who did not agree with them from the colonies to go and initiate their own colonies. Rapid growth of New England colonies was a result of rebels who built colonies of their own. Currently, the New England states are Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire as well as Rhode Island (Bremer55). The geographical location of the Puritans was defined as the part of America that in breath was from 40 to 48 degrees of the north latitude (Bremer 550). The location in length was across the mainland from sea to sea. Agriculture practices of the Puritans went hand in hand with the nature of the environment they lived in. The Puritans cultivated most of their food. They also began fishing and lumbering also took charge. The soil was however thin and rocky hence they could not cultivate cash crops. Because of the nature of the soil, they believed it was a sign from God that encouraged them to work harder in their farms (Pastoor 388). They also kept dairy cattle and the geographical layout supported this economic activity. The Connecticut River valley provided water as well as pasture for the cattle (Bremer 55). The native species of grasses in the bottom and upper locations of the river grew in red sandstone soil, which was the best of soils (Bremer 55). While religion and politics w as the centre of attraction, the Puritans sough to concentrate on the higher pastures, the good soil and practical agricultural use of the same soil. The Puritans were industrious and built a strong economic base. They participated in slave trade; they made and sold iron, pots, kettles and a variety of tools in other

Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essay

Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essay The Tourism Industry is regarded as one of the most important and fastest growing industry around the world. Travel has been of great interest to people since the beginning of the civilization. Recently, it has been noted that there has been an increase in tourists arrivals, especially in small island states. According to UNWTO, tourism will continue to grow in 2011. Tourism sector has suffered from the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, but thanks to the improved economic conditions worldwide, international tourism has been able to recover from the decline brought in the financial crisis. (United Nations, 2010). The travel and tourism industry is one of the largest and most dynamic industries in the world and this industry is expected to generate about 9% of global GDP and provide for more than 235 million jobs representing 8 % of global employment (Merco Press, 2010).The WTO has set up the long-term forecast of the assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millennium known as the Tourism 2020 vision.UNWTOs Tourism 2020 vision predicts that international arrivals are expected to reach over 1.56 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.2 will be intraregional and 0.4 will be long-haul travelers. The top three receiving regions will be Europe with 717 million tourists, East Asia and the Pacific around 397 million and the Americas with 282 million, followed by the Africa, Middle East and South Asia (UNWTO, 2011). As such, the tourist will continue to be a flourishing industry in the coming years. Tourism has been described as the smokeless industry that can bring that can bring maximum benefit to a community as compared to other economic activities. Tourism has been viewed as a means of improving a community as a better place to live and generating economic benefits. 2.1 Tourism impacts There are many academic researchers that have been done on the impacts of tourism. Many local communities believe that tourism can stimulate change in social, cultural, environmental and economic dimensions where tourism activities have had a close connection with the local communities (Beeton, 2006;Richards Hall, 2000).It is important to understand and assess tourism impacts so as to maintain sustainability and the long-term success of the tourism industry (Diedrich Garcia-Buades, 2008). Tourism is also regarded to as the worlds largest industry and regarded as a means of achieving community development (Sharpley, 2002). As such, it becomes imperative to understand tourism impacts towards the community. Below is a diagram illustrating tourism impacts on the community. Perceived Negative Impacts of Tourism Personal Benefit from Tourism Resident Characteristics Support for Additional Tourism Community Tourism Dependence Perceived Positive Impacts of Tourism Support for Tourism Planning Source: Adapted from Perdue, Long and Allen 1990, p.589 In the twenty-first century, researchers on tourism points out a range of both positive and negative impacts on the host community as a result of tourism development. (Fredline and Faulkner, 2000; Upchurch and Teivane, 2000). Several studies have been conducted that explain the impacts of tourism on the environment, economy, society and culture. Researches done on the impacts of tourism on the society are wide and varied. For example, as Ryan (1991) states that the greatest impacts of tourism will occur when there is a greater gap between the culture and income level of both host and tourist. Locals perceptions towards the tourism impacts can vary significantly. According to Sharma (2004), if residents have more positive attititudes towards tourism impacts, tourism development will be more successful in a community. If residents benefit from tourism development they support additional tourism planning and development in a community. By understanding the residents perceptions, can help to access support for continued tourism development through community capacity building. Gursoy Rutherford (2004) outlines that tourism developers need to consider the perceptions and attitudes of residents before investing in scarce resources. In addition, understanding of residents perceptions towards tourism impacts can also help in identifying the types of tourism which have the potential for building community capacity (Moscardo, 2008, p.86). On the other hand, various studies show that people who have an economic benefit from tourism perceive more positive impact from it (Chon, 2000). Economic impacts In the beginning, tourism was encouraged because of its economic impacts. It is highly accepted that tourism provides economic benefits to the community. The economic impacts of tourism are the most widely researched impacts of tourism on community (Mason, 2003).Economic impacts are easier to research in a local community because it is small and generally it is more accessible. Moreover, tourism can have positive benefits on local economies and a visible impact on national GDP growth which can be an essential component for community development and poverty reduction. (Ashe, 2005). For instance, tourism creates employment for locals, investment opportunities, business opportunities, tax revenues for government and it also help small and medium enterprises for countries, regions and communities to expand (Ryan ,1998; Choi Sirakaya, 2005; Dyer,2007) but on the other hand tourism can have negative economic impacts on the society such as : too much dependency on foreign capital, inflatio n , leakages and a low education trap for locals (Giannoni Maupertus, 2007). Yet, more important is the benefits spread to the residents of local communities (Scheyvens, 2001).The economic impacts of tourism are therefore, generally perceived positively by the residents (Tatoglu et al; 2000).For the development of tourism to occur, environment, societies and cultures at the destination has paid a heavy price. The main concern is not only the development but to tackle the challenges posed by the development (Chaudhary, 2007). Social and cultural impacts According to law (1993,pp.135-164), culture and society are in a state of constant change because of many factors, notably the rapid progress in communications and social interactions that can extend rapidly over vast distances. Social impacts refer to changes in the lives of people who live in destination communities and these impacts are mostly associated with residents and tourists. On the hand, cultural impacts refer to changes in the arts, artifacts, customs, rituals and architecture of a people and are longer term changes resulting from tourism development than other types of development. Social and cultural impacts refer to changes to residents everyday experiences as well as to their values, way of life and intellectual and artistic products. Social and cultural impacts are strongly interrelated and not limited only to the host area population (Glasson, 1995, p.34).In many destinations, the nature and traditional meanings of culture may be substantially changed when culture i s redefined as market share (Earrington and Gewertz, 1996). Because of this, a host community may face cultural problems of the commercialization of culture, religion and the arts together with the misuse of indigeneous culture as attractions and be forced to adopt cultural habits of the tourists, such as their language, dress and manner to satisfy visitors (Cohen, 1979).Another downside of tourism development is seen in many parts of the world where tourism developments threaten the displacement of local people. On the other hand, Glasson (1995, p.35-36) argues that along with the downside of development, there are cultural benefits and intercultural communication between hosts and visitors that increase good understanding between them. Without tourists, local culture and tradition may have been lost completely, as there is no market for traditional products. Environmental impacts Environmental impacts occur as a result of tourism development in many regions of the world as communities struggle to find an optimal balance between optimal and conservation. Recently,it has been found that tourism activities are highly dependent on the environment. Research has shown the impacts that tourism has on natural resources (Green, Hunter and Moore, 2000).Most of the researchers have been conducted on natural or semi-natural areas, with very little research done on urban settings (Green, 1990).Specific sites have been examined such as Alpine areas (Goodman, 1987;Rodriguez, 1987), islands (Wilkinson, 1989), coastal areas (Martinez-Taberner, Moya and Forteza, 1990). In addition, most research has been focused around the negative impacts that tourism has on natural resources after the damage has taken place.As such, tourism is always blamed to be responsible for resource degradation (Farell and McLellan, 1987).On the other hand, there are also positive impacts of tourism ass ociated with the environment. 2.2 The Environmental Impacts of Tourism The environment is probably one of the most important contributors to the desirability and attractiveness of a destination. Scenic sites, amenable climates and unique landscape features have an important influence in tourism development and the spatial distribution of tourism movement. (Coccossis and Nijkamp, 1995, p.4) Tourism and the environment are interrelated as tourism is dependent on natural resources to survive. There are studies that have identified both the positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism (Burns Holden, 1995; Puckzo Ratz, 2000). Table 1 can better illustrate both the positive and negative impacts of tourism in a destination area. Table 1 Balance sheet of environmental impacts of tourism Area of effect Negative impacts Positive impacts Biodiversity Disruption of breeding/feeding patterns Killing of animals for leisure (hunting) or to supply souvenir trade. Loss of habitats and change in species composition Destruction of vegetation Encouragement to conserve animals as attractions. Establishment of protected or conserved areas to meet tourist demands Erosion and physical damage Soil erosion Damage to sites through trampling Overloading of key infrastructure (e.g. water supply networks) Tourism revenue to finance ground repair and site restoration Improvement to infrastructure prompted by tourist demand Pollution Water pollution through sewage or fuel spillage and rubbish from pleasure boats Air pollution (e.g. vehicle emissions) Noise pollution (e.g. from vehicles or tourist attractions: bars, discos, etc.) Littering Cleaning programmes to protect the attractiveness of location to tourists Resource base Depletion of ground and surface water Diversion of water supply to meet tourist needs (e.g. golf courses or pools) Depletion of local fuel sources Depletion of local building-material sources Development of new/improved sources of supply Visual/structural change Land transfers to tourism (e.g. from farming) Detrimental visual impact on natural and non-natural landscapes through tourism development Introduction of new architectural styles Changes in (urban) functions Physical expansion of built-up areas Regeneration and/or modernisation of built environment Reuse of disused buildings Source: Adapted from Hunter and Green (1990) For the negative impacts of tourism, Puckzo and Ratz (2000) observed that tourism development that are not well-planned often leads to increased stress on destinations and in negative changes in the destinations physical and socio cultural attributes. According to Wood (1991), it is possible to identify broad categories of impacts that may affect all destinations. Water pollution is believed to be one of the environmental impacts caused by tourism. It can affect surfaces such as rivers, lakes and oceans. Chemical and oils spills from boats can cause devastating water pollution that kills water birds, shellfish and other wildlife. Tourists can also contribute to the degradation of the marine life also through:snorkelling,scuba diving and sport fishing can threaten fisheries and other marine resources. For example, tourism is known to have contributed to inappropriate development around Lake Tahoe in the United States (Iverson, Sheppard Strain, 1993) and at Pattaya in Thailand (Mieczk owski, 1995); oil pollution in water at King George island (Harris, 1991); habitat loss, fragmentation and erosion in Nepal (Croall, 1995); destruction of wildlife at Zakynthos in Greece (Prunier, Sweeney Gree, 1993); disturbance of animals and loss of area for production in Kenya (Sindiga Kannunah, 1999). Apart from the consumption of large amounts of natural resources, the tourism industry also produces considerable waste and pollution. In fact, disposal of liquid and solid waste generated by the tourism industry has posed a problem for many developing countries and some countries are incapable of treating these waste materials. This has led to reducing the availability of natural resources such as fresh water. For example, in Kerala state the tourist industry collapses after two decades of fast growth because there was inadequate disposal of solid waste. Tourists also contribute to land pollution from solid waste and the contamination of marine waters and coastal areas from pollution generated by marinas, hotels and cruise ships. Moreover, the tourist industry uses high level of energy consumption in hotels including: air-conditioning, heating and cooking as well as transportation which can cause air pollution in many host countries. Air and noise pollution as well congestions are likely to result from tourist development. Tourism activities which are not properly controlled can also cause severe disruption of wildlife habitats and increased pressure on endangered species. For example, in Africas national parks tourists vehicles approach wild animals and very often distract them from hunting and breeding, in the carribean sea there are even boat crews that pursue whales and dolphins and as such discourage petting which tends to disturb the animals feeding and behaviour (Masny,2001). In addition, tourism also leads to the clearance of native vegetation for the development of new facilities, new infrastructure and tourist development. There is an increase in demand for fuelwood and even forest fires. This results not only in the destruction of local habitats and ecosystems but also in the processes of erosion and landslide. Fragile areas such as: forests, wet lands and mangroves are also threatened by tourism activities. On the other side, tourism contributes to the positive benefits of the environment. Doswell (1997) argues that tourism lays emphasis to conserve and protect the environment. Tourism also draws attention to subjects regarding biodiversity, endangered species and human impacts on the environment. Tourism is also used as a means to preserve natural areas rather than to develop them for alternative uses such as: agriculture, forestry and mining (Master, 1998). Tourism can contribute to the conservation of sensitive areas and habitat. For example, in Ghana tourism has helped in maintaining the natural reserves. Tourists can help towards environmental protection, conservation and biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources. In this way, natural areas become valuable and this can lead to creation of national parks and wildlife parks.Revenue received from park-entrance fees can be allocated to pay for the protection and management of sensitive areas. On the hand, in some pl aces government collect money from tourists in indirect ways. For example: user tax, sales or recreation of rental equipment and license fees for hunting and fishing can provide government with the proper fund needed to manage natural resources and to finance infrastructure. Tourism encourages cleaning programmes , and this reduces the damaging Another change that can affect tourism is climate change. Climate impact is considered as the consequences of climate change on natural and human systems (IPCC, 2001). Climate impacts can be for example: the primary productivity of an ecosystem, snow cover depth. For example, a Bigano (2006) stimulates the effects of development and climate change on tourism. Climate change could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on tourism. 2.3 Residents perceptions towards tourism For the long-term success of the tourism industry, it is imperative to understand and assess residents attitudes towards the impact of tourism development (Ap,1992; Ritchie and Inkari, 2006). Sustainable tourism development can be achieved normally when all stakeholders are involved in the process (Bryd, 2007). Sustainable tourism believes that the community is the focal point of tourism and planning process (Choi and Sirakaya, 2005).In addition, investigating the residents perceptions towards tourism is important because it influence their behaviour towards tourism (Andriotis and Vaughan, 2003). Studies show that the perceptions of residents towards tourism differ toward tourism development. Sustainable tourism development largely depends on the hosts acceptability of tourists and tourism-related programs, offerings and activities by locals (Musa, Hall, and Higham 2004). The active support of the local population is required for tourism development to occur in a community. One indic ator that affects tourism development in a destination is the host attitude (Lepp, 2007). In a destination area, the attitudes of the tourists and residents are taken into account. Another factor that is likely to influence the negative and positive impacts of tourists destination is residents attachment to community. Some researchers, Canan and Hennessy (1989) states that the longer the residents live in a community, the more negative they are towards tourism development. The lengths of residency of locals have a direct impact on tourism development. There are several studies that have been conducted to explain the residents perceptions towards tourism impacts and how far residents support tourism development in a community. Theories such as the attribution theory (Pearce, 1989); dependency theory (Preister, 2008), the social representation theory (Andriotis Vaughan, 2003), Butlers (1980) tourist area life cycle, Doxeys Irridex model, the intrinsic and extrinsic framework (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997) and the social exchange theory (SET) (Ap, 1982) have been developed in an attempt to better understand the host perceptions towards tourism. However, it is the SET that have received the greatest attention by scholars attempting to study residents attitudes towards tourism and their support towards tourism development. (Gursoy Rutherford, 2004; Sirakaya, Teye , Sonmez, 2002). However there are also other popular theories such as:Butlers Area Life Cycle (1980, Doxeys Irritation Index, the extrinsic/intrinsic model (Faulkner and Tideswell 1997) which describe the host-tourist relation. 2.3.1Social Exchange Theory In a tourism context, social exchange theory would mean an exchange of resources between the tourists and the host population where each of the supply each other with valued resources (Ap, 1992, p.668). SET implies that residents who gain benefits from the tourism industry are likely to perceive the industry as positive and thus support tourist industry, while those who perceive themselves incurring costs because of tourism would display negative attitudes towards tourism thereby opposing such development. The SET theory is the most common type of theory used to assess tourism impacts in a particular destination. Social exchange theory firmly believes that a need exists to measure the level of active participation of residents in the planning and development process associated with tourism development (Wang Pister, 2008). In the tourism literature, several studies have been conducted and which explained the theory of residents perceptions and assessments of the costs and benefits of tourism and their support for tourism development. In simpler words, social exchange theory supports that residents calculate the costs and benefits of tourism development, and their effort for tourism development (Ap, 1992; Yoon 2001). As such residents become aware of the positive and negative impacts of tourism and can decide whether to support or not to support tourism development. Figure1: Factors affecting residents attitudes towards tourists EXTRINSIC DIMENSION INTRINSIC DIMENSION Period of Residence Mature State of Development Early Stage of Development Long Term Recent Arrival High Tourist Ratio Adapted Non- adapteddd Employment Lifestyle Choice Low Tourist Ratio Perception of Tourism + International Tourism Orientation Domestic Tourism Orientation No Yes Non-Tourism Zone Tourism Zone High Seasonality Low Seasonality Residential Proximity Involvement Source: Faulkner and Tideswell (1997) 2.3.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Model Numerous studies have identified the factors that affect residents perceptions .Such factors have been used in the tourism literature to describe tourism impacts (Jurowski Gursoy, 2004). These are intrinsic and extrinsic variables (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997, Fredline Faulkner, 2000, p.765). The intrinsic variables refer to the characteristics of the host community that affect the impacts of tourism with the host community (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997, p.6) and includes factors such as:employment, length of residence, proximity to tourist zones and involvement within the tourism industry. Length of residency affect tourism development in a community, native born of the community have been found to have more negative perception of tourism development because they are attached to that place (Madrigal, 1995). On the other hand, Bisle and Hoy (1980) found a positive relationship between distance of residence from the tourist zone and perceptions. As regards to community attachment, studie s showed that the longer a host has been a resident in the area; as such they become less attached to tourism (Weaver, 2001). Residents who are dependent and involved in the tourism sector are more likely to have positive attitudes towards tourism (Linderb, 1997). The intrinsic variable shows that the host community is not homogeneous but rather heterogeneous meaning that the perceptions of tourism differ among the residents (Andriotis Vaughan, 2003; Faulkner Tideswell, 1997; Fredline Faulkner, 2000). The extrinsic factors are the characteristics of a location with respect to its role as a tourist destination including the nature and stage of tourist activity and the types of tourists involved (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997, p.6).The extrinsic factors that are likely to influence host attitudes towards tourism is the stage of tourism development occurring in a destination (Andriotis Vaughan, 2003) as argued by Butler (1980) and Doxey (1975). The extrinsic factors are:seasonality, type of tourists, particular stage of development, the tourist guest-ratio (Doxey, 1973; butler, 1980; Ap, 1983).Seasonality affect a destination, during peak seasons there is high flow of tourists resulting in economic inflation, traffic congestion and this affect the residents way of lives on the other hand, residents who are dependent on tourism are likely to tolerate these disruptive conditions. (Rothman, 1978; Beliste, 1980; Sheldon, 1984).The type of tourists is another factor that affects residents pe rceptions of tourism. Some tourists are independent travellers while others depend on locals, they try adjust with locals they accept the hosts local conditions (Amir, 1985; Page 2003). In understanding residents perceptions towards tourism, the stage of development is considered among the most important factors. To better illustrate this issue, it was important to investigate Butlers Tourism Destination Lifecycle Model. 2.3.3 Butlers Area Life Cycle Another model in regard to the host-tourist destination is Butlers Area Lifecycle Model. Although that this model dates three decades, it is still academically recognized. Butler (1980) believes that tourist areas evolve and change over time. According to this evolution, the stages that tourist areas experience are: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline or rejuvenation. Using a life-cycle model, Butler describes the resident and tourist involvement in destination area. Unlike products, destinations have a lifecycle too. Figure 2 illustrates the lifecycle of a destination. ] Figure 2 Hypothetical Evolution of a Tourist Area (Adapted from Miller and Gallucci, 2004) Using a life-cycle model, Butler describes the resident and tourist involvement in destination area. Unlike products, destinations have a lifecycle too. Moreover, Butler has also explained why tourism leads to unsustainability. By using the example of the life-cycle model, he describes how a small group of tourists explore a natural attraction by involving local residents and making subsequent development of the area. With time, the number of tourists grows, eventually leading to mass tourism. And if the tourism products are not rejuvenated, stagnation occurs at the destination and there is a fall through over-consumption of tourism products which is beyond the carrying capacity of the destination. (including adverse effects on the environment)Butler also focuses that if there is no proper management and control, environment degradation is inevitable once carrying capacity has been reached and then exceeded making mass tourism unsustainable. As noted by Jamison (1999), at the stagnat ion stage, locals have begun to express some discontent with tourism and its effects. When a destination develops, unmet residents expectations and other negative impacts of development are also likely to result in changes and attitudes towards the industry. (Teye, Sonmez and Sirakaya , 2002). The TALC S-shaped curve has also been used to describe the host-guest dichotomy- from the excitement of the potential of tourism through to resentment of tourists, resulting from exceeding local social carrying capacity. However, certain limitations have been found in Butlers model. It has been pointed out that the model assumes a degree of homogeneity of community reactions (Mason and Cheyne, 2000), but Butler denies by saying a consistent evolution of tourist area can be conceptualized.Tosun (2002) suggests that this model applies to specific areas and not all areasbecause the cycle varies from one tourist area to another. 2.3.4 Doxeys Irritation Index Associated with Butlers life cycle theory is Doxeys Irritation Index or Irridex which describes the resident-tourist interaction and attitude. This model explains host community reaction to tourism development in a specific area. The model outlines that negative impacts of tourism development might make residents feel irritated as with time host and tourists become incompatible with each other. The model has four stages which vary from euphoria, apathy, annoyance and to antagonism. Although Doxeys (1975) irridex is regarded as one of the most influential theory has been starting from Euphoria to Antagonism, where the resident irritation increases through the stages 1 to 4. (1=low irritation,4=high level of irritation). One limitation of this theory and that of Butler also, is the assumption a community is heterogeneous. The study implies that is the whole community that becomes hostile to tourism, but very often different sections of the community have different reactions. It can be concluded that the Doxey Irritation Index is simple but it does indicate a factor in tourism development and by these social changes some residents will develop antagonistic attitudes towards tourism. 2.4 Residents perceptions towards tourism environmental impacts The environment is one of the main area in which residents assess the potential impacts of tourism before they decide to embrace or reject it. According to Kuvan and Akan (2005, p.703) residents are more sensitive and concerned for problems related to the environment than the other negative impacts of tourism. Following this, Liu, Sheldon, and Var (1987) reported that residents have high ratings for environmental impacts. According to Mieczkowski (1995, p.8) defines the natural environment as a combination of non-living things, that is, abiotic, physical components together with biological resources or the biosphere including flora and fauna. Kuvan and Akan (2005) describes scholars interests in investigating into community attitudes towards tourism impact on the natural environment at a time when ecological problems such as: pollution, depletion of natural resources and deforestation are increasing. This means that mountaineous areas, savannahs, wetlands, deserts, islands and the a rtic have biophysical characteristics that cause damage to the natural environment. These fragile areas when disturbed, normally have relatively slow rates of recovery (Harrison Price, 1996). The focus on environmental impacts emerged from residents perceived impacts of the environmental impacts and other tourism impacts such as economic and social impacts of tourism has lagged behind. (Kuvan Akan, 2005).Moreover, there is a lack of information on residents perceived environmental impacts of tourism in developing countries (Kuvan Akan , 2005; Madrgal, 1993). It is an agreed fact that tourism is believed to have a far more visible effect in rural areas and developing contries than urban areas and perhaps tourism has a greater effect on rural residents (Madrigal, 1993, p.337), studies related to residents perceptions of the environment has focused more on destinations, communities and regions in developed countries rather than on developing countries. Apart from this, Schluter and Var (1988) observed that there are some issues that are special to developing countries. Furthermore, a proper analysis of the residents perceived environmental impacts of tourism could help pla nners and tourism practitioners to identify real concerns and also to develop appropriate policies and actions. 2.5 Tourism development in Mauritius Mauritius was made first, and then heaven was copied from it (Mark Twain). Mauritius is among the top 20 beautiful islands of the world .Tourism is an important contributor to economic growth in Small Island developing States like Mauritius. The World Bank has mentioned Mauritius as an example for southern Africa of an economy that has attained remarkable success in its economic development (World Bank, 1992; Hwedi, 2001). This success as mentioned cannot be escaped from tourism development, given Mauritius as the choice of destination for European visitors (Prayag, 2009; Prayag Ryan, 2010).Mauritiuss tourism industry success can be measured by the fact that it makes the highest gross domestic product contribution (30 per cent) and receives the second highest yearly total budget allocation(16.1 per cent) of countries in